Macrophage repolarization: different strategies as therapies for pathologies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62059/mynp3p95Keywords:
Macrophages, repolarization, Therapeutic, strategiesAbstract
The functional plasticity of macrophages enables these cells to adopt proinflammatory, antimicrobial, reparative, or immunosuppressive profiles depending on microenvironmental signals. Although the M1/M2 classification remains useful as a conceptual framework, these phenotypes are currently understood as part of a dynamic continuum influenced by tissue context, stimuli, and pathological conditions. This review analyzes recent strategies aimed at modulating macrophage repolarization for therapeutic purposes in oncological, infectious, inflammatory, and tissue repair-related diseases. The approaches discussed include physicochemical platforms, enzymatic and metabolic interventions, gene therapy, and immunomodulators of biological or plant origin. Collectively, these strategies act on central processes such as redox balance, hypoxia, inflammatory signaling, and immunometabolism, with the aim of reversing pathological microenvironments or promoting the resolution of inflammation. The available evidence, mainly preclinical, suggests that macrophage repolarization represents a promising therapeutic approach; however, its clinical application requires further optimization of cellular selectivity, safety, dosing, and validation in translational models.References
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