LatArXiv
type: channel
description: LatArXiv is the leading open repository dedicated to advancing science and research in the Latin American community. We offer free access to cutting-edge preprints across a wide range of disciplines. Explore LatArXiv Preprints, the leading platform for accessible scientific preprints. Our platform facilitates the rapid dissemination of discoveries and encourages academic dialogue among researchers, promoting collaboration within the scientific community. Dive into the latest scientific advancements and contribute your work to drive open science and innovation.
publisher: Array
language: en
publication name: LatArXiv
copyright: This preprint contains the reported license and associated copyright. Once published in an associated journal or other publisher, the published version assumes the publisher's terms and conditions.
items: The origin of the Fine Structure Constant 137
items: Contemporary evidence-based techniques for the conservative treatment of medial tibial periostitis: an integrative review of the state of the art
items: Between protocol and judgment: physiotherapy education as a field of epistemic dispute
items: Frequency of pathologies related to kinesiology and physiotherapy suffered by older adults, year 2022.
items: Ethnobotany in Santiago Nejapilla, Oaxaca: biocultural knowledge at risk
items: FDTD analysis of TA waves
items: Physical fitness, body composition and quality of life in first-year medical sciences students
items: Emergent gravitational effects from the transformation between inertial and non-inertial frames in the observation of a photon
items: Emergent gravitational dynamics from a photon action with an effective refractive index
items: Clinical factors associated with diagnosis or suspicion of ASD in children from southern Chile
items: The given, language, and knowledge. A critical reading of Wilfrid Sellars
items: Manual for the preparation of the graduation portfolio
items: Quantification of greenhouse gas emissions from the 2024 wildfire in Cocó State Park using remote sensing
items: Where, who, and how International Book Day (2024) Was Celebrated in the Department of Nariño, Colombia
items: Emotionality and critical citizenship: Evidence from engineering students
items: Estimating blue carbon potential in Cocó state park: An approach using remote sensing products
items: The appropriation of pop culture in popular movements of struggle and the emergence of a revolutionary aesthetics
items: Integration of finite element analysis (FEA) in the design of critical mechanical components to improve occupational safety
items: Information and communication technologies uses and the relationship with obesity in Cuban youth
items: Acute exacerbation of superinfected EPOC in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities
items: Technical-economic analysis of equivalent photovoltaic configurations of microinverters: Case study at the SENA Pedregal photovoltaic park, Medellín
items: The state of neurological physiotherapy in Spain: a national survey
items: Drex e os Limites Institucionais do Dinheiro Digital: O Experimento Interrompido da CBDC Brasileira
items: Conceptual Model and Open Tool for the Standardized Disclosure of Generative AI Use in Scientific Production
items: La otra cara del expediente: Abogado, antropología y WhatsApp en los márgenes del Estado. Por qué falló la protección de Briana. Y por que murió.
items: The Taser as a policing tool: Criminological and forensic keys for a rights-based regulatory framework within the european and latin american legal spheres
items: Influence of Violent Content in Video Games on the Social Construction of Violence
items: Invisible walls: where home can’t reach. A chronicle of residential exclusion in Spain
items: Adaptive NeuroPathway Model (NVA): A Neurobiologically-Based Proposal for Learning Design
items: Use of ICTs and their relationship with obesity in cuban youth

The origin of the Fine Structure Constant 137
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description: This document lays the foundation for a new physical architecture that resolves the deepest mystery of contemporary science: the origin and significance of the Fine Structure Constant (1/137). What the reader will find in this article is the culmination of a century of research, achieved through a break with established dogmas and an unprecedented unification of thermodynamics, relativity, and quantum mechanics.
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subject: Engineering and Technology
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creator: Alex Arnoldo Pavon Lopez
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Alex A Pavon L. (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-22
publication date: 2026-05-22
doi: 10.62059/5cccw293

Contemporary evidence-based techniques for the conservative treatment of medial tibial periostitis: an integrative review of the state of the art
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description: Medial tibial periostitis is one of the most prevalent overuse injuries in runners and athletes exposed to repetitive impact loads. This paper presents an integrative review of the state of the art regarding contemporary physiotherapy techniques for the conservative treatment of this clinical condition. Strategies based on load management, progressive strengthening, biomechanical rehabilitation, neuromuscular training, manual therapy, extracorporeal shockwave therapy, and functional monitoring technologies were analyzed. Recent evidence suggests that individualized multimodal programs show better clinical outcomes than purely passive interventions.
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subject: Health and Medical Sciences
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creator: Herr Mariete Trapezoide
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mariete Trapezoide (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.704

Between protocol and judgment: physiotherapy education as a field of epistemic dispute
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description: Background: Physiotherapy education in Chile takes place within disciplinary inequalities, institutional heterogeneity, and territorial gaps that affect the teaching of professional reasoning, a key competence for clinical autonomy. Biomedical dominance, protocol-driven cultures, and fragmented curricula have made reasoning an implicit rather than explicit learning objective, producing unequal training trajectories. Objective: To understand the barriers, challenges, and opportunities in learning professional reasoning in physiotherapy, considering inequalities in training quality, territorial context, and institutional type, through the voices of academic leaders. Methods: A qualitative interpretive study based on Grounded Theory. In-depth interviews were conducted with four leaders from three types of institutions in southern Chile: a regionally oriented private university (UPVR1), a public traditional university (UTE2), and a publicly oriented private university (UPVP3). Data were analyzed using constant comparison and open, axial, and selective coding until theoretical saturation. Results: The central phenomenon was professional reasoning as a “declared core but pedagogically fragile” element of training. Main barriers included biomedical dominance, protocol culture, the academia–clinical gap, and unequal student trajectories. Strengths were linked to role-modeling teachers, student diversity, and situated learning experiences. Discussion and conclusions: Inequities in learning professional reasoning reflect an unequal distribution of epistemic agency. Achieving equity requires explicitly embedding professional reasoning in curricula, strengthening teaching practices, and recognizing physiotherapy’s disciplinary object as the basis for autonomous and socially responsive practice.
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subject: Arts & Humanities
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creator: MAXIMO ESCOBAR
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Máximo Escobar Cabello (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.702

Frequency of pathologies related to kinesiology and physiotherapy suffered by older adults, year 2022.
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description: This study aims to identify the frequency of pathologies found in the physiotherapy records of elderly patients who attended the physiotherapy service provided by the Años Dorados Foundation in the city of Ñemby. The results obtained will allow for future research and projects focused on the well-being of older adults. A quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, non-experimental study was conducted. Seventy-eight physiotherapy records of elderly adults were examined. The results show that the most common pathologies in this sample were neuropathies and radiculopathies.
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subject: Health and Medical Sciences
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creator: Pedro Rejala
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Pedro Rejala (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-20
publication date: 2026-04-20
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.698

Ethnobotany in Santiago Nejapilla, Oaxaca: biocultural knowledge at risk
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description: Oaxaca is one of the most biodiverse states in Mexico and is home to 16 ethnic groups, demonstrating the richness of its biocultural heritage. Understanding the uses of plants is essential to ensuring food security, health, and ecological balance. Therefore, this study sought to document the plant species that the community of Santiago Nejapilla has historically used and conserved. Five field trips were conducted during different seasons (April 2022 to March 2024). Botanical collections were made, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with community members. The results were analyzed by calculating use value indices and performing cluster analysis. A total of 109 useful plant species were recorded, 35 of which are endemic to Mexico (32.11%). The most relevant families were Asteraceae, Bromeliaceae, and Fagaceae. The main reported uses were forage, food, medicinal, and ornamental. The genera with the greatest cultural significance were Tillandsia and Quercus. The most frequently treated ailments are related to the digestive system; however, those associated with cultural practices, such as cleansing rituals and curses, remain part of the community's daily life. Given the significant number of endemic and endangered species, the management and conservation of biodiversity in the region is a priority. Cluster analysis revealed that the population shares collective knowledge about the use of plants; however, the transmission of this knowledge is at risk due to ecological and social factors: ongoing migration, loss of the native language, and limited promotion of traditional knowledge.
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subject: Environmental and Earth Sciences
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creator: Ana María Soriano Martínez
creator: Héctor Serrano Casas
creator: Araceli Celia Tejero Gervacio
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ana María Soriano Martínez, M. en C. Héctor Serrano Casas, Bióloga Araceli Celia Tejero Gervacio (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-04-20
publication date: 2026-04-20
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.696

FDTD analysis of TA waves
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description: This study presents the numerical simulation of thermoacoustic (TA) wave propagation in time domain using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method, along with a comparative analysis against the k-Space pseudospectral method (k-Wave). A physically realistic thermoacoustic source is modeled using a Gaussian initial pressure distribution, and the resulting pressure signals are recorded using a point sensor. The numerical results obtained from both methods show excellent agreement for different grid resolutions when a fixed Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) number is maintained. However, discrepancies arise when different CFL numbers are used for varying grid resolutions, leading to mismatched signal responses. Further investigations are conducted using various realistic source configurations, including circular (disk), Chebyshev polynomial based ($1^{st}$ order), and asymmetric (rock-like) shapes. The corresponding time domain signals and frequency spectra are analyzed using both FDTD and k-space methods. It is observed that the two methods exhibit strong agreement in the low frequency regime, while noticeable deviations occur at higher frequencies. Further the study highlights the limitations associated with binary image based sources. Sharpe discontinuities at the edges introduces non-physical high frequency components, resulting in spurious oscillations and degraded signal quality. A multi sensor configuration is utilized to analyze the signals at different locations.
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subject: Natural and Exact Sciences
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creator: Ujjal Mandal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ujjal Mandal (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.689

Physical fitness, body composition and quality of life in first-year medical sciences students
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description: Physical fitness and body composition are key determinants of health and quality of life, and in medical students they also influence their future role as promoters of healthy habits. In Cuba, their actual status at the beginning of university education is unknown. This cross-sectional descriptive study characterized the level of basic physical abilities and the anthropometric profile of first-year students entering Medical Sciences programs, analyzing their distribution, correlations, and territorial differences. A total of 8116 first-year students (58.9 % male) from four provinces participated. Standardized physical tests (800 m, 60 m, push-ups, sit-ups) were applied, and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were measured. Only 9.2 % achieved the Talent category, with arm strength being the most deficient ability (11.5 % in level V). Mean BMI was 25.8 kg/m² (SD=3.5), and 14.5 % presented abdominal obesity. Correlations between BMI/WC and physical performance were moderate (r between 0.29 and 0.51; p<0.001). A total of 24.1 % showed high metabolic risk. According to functional health criteria, 36.7 % had insufficient arm strength and 32.2 % had insufficient abdominal strength. Cluster analysis identified three profiles: healthy (38.2 %), moderate risk (41.5 %), and high risk (20.3 %), with significant interprovincial differences (p<0.001). It is concluded that a low-to-medium physical condition predominates, one in three students is overweight, one in four has high metabolic risk, and significant territorial gaps exist, highlighting the need for early curricular interventions.
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subject: Health and Medical Sciences
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subject: Arts & Humanities
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creator: elmys Ramírez González
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Elmys Ramírez González (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.686

Emergent gravitational effects from the transformation between inertial and non-inertial frames in the observation of a photon
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description: It is investigated a theoretical framework in which gravitational phenomena arise from the transformation between an inertial reference frame and a non-inertial frame used to observe photon dynamics. Starting from a photon action modified by one kinematic factor associated with the velocity and acceleration of the observer, I derive an effective spacetime metric and the corresponding geodesic equations. The curvature tensor and Einstein tensor of the ressulting geometry are calculated explicitly. The weak-field limit is analyzed and compared with Newtonian gravity and General Relativity. Predictions for galaxy rotation curves, cosmological expansion, gravitational lensing, photon spheres around compact objects, and solar-system test are discussed. Possible observational consequences are examined.
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subject: Natural and Exact Sciences
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creator: Vicente Cotrino Bautista
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Vicente Cotrino Bautista (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.683

Emergent gravitational dynamics from a photon action with an effective refractive index
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description: I investigate a gravitational framework derived from a variational principle applied to the action of a photon observed from a non-inertial reference frame. We define an effective refractive index associated with the gravitational field. The resulting photon trajectories correspond to geodesic of an effective optical metric. In the weak-field limit the theory predicts a modified gravitational potential that can explain the flat galactic rotation curves without dark matter. At cosmological scales the model generates an effective gravitational energy density that lead to acelerated cosmic expansion without introducing a cosmological constant. Possible observational consequences are discussed
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subject: Natural and Exact Sciences
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creator: Vicente Cotrino Bautista
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Vicente Cotrino Bautista (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-18
publication date: 2026-03-18
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.682

Clinical factors associated with diagnosis or suspicion of ASD in children from southern Chile
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description: Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with increasing prevalence and clinical heterogeneity. Identifying risk factors associated with confirmed or suspected ASD diagnosis is crucial for early detection and intervention, particularly in local clinical settings with limited resources. Objective: This study aimed to determine the sociodemographic, perinatal, and clinical factors that influence the probability of presenting a suspected or confirmed ASD diagnosis in a pediatric clinical sample attended between 2019 and 2024 at a university clinic in the Araucanía Region, Chile. Materials and methods: A total of 271 clinical records were analyzed using descriptive statistics, comparative analyses, and binary logistic regression. Results. Showed that the only statistically significant predictor was the presence of neurodevelopmental disorders (OR = 3.58; p = 0.006). Variables such as sex, parental age, and perinatal conditions showed no significant associations. Conclusion. These findings underscore the clinical value of neurodevelopmental disorders as early warning indicators for ASD and support their inclusion in diagnostic alert protocol s. It is concluded that comorbidities offer higher predictive value than perinatal factors in clinical phonoaudiological and neurodevelopmental settings. The implementation of early screening protocols based on clinical profiles is recommended to improve diagnostic timing and access to interventions.
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subject: Health and Medical Sciences
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creator: Veronica Pantoja
creator: Leonardo Lagos Gutiérrez
creator: Veronica Pantoja Silva
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sanhueza Salazar Diego, Leonardo Lagos Gutiérrez, Pantoja Silva Verónica (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.680

The given, language, and knowledge. A critical reading of Wilfrid Sellars
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description: This essay examines Wilfrid Sellars’s critique of the “myth of the given” in empiricism, arguing that all knowledge—including perceptual knowledge—is mediated by a conceptual‑linguistic network. Drawing on Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind (1971), the paper shows that Sellars’s distinction between “seeing that something is the case” and merely “seeing something” entails that experience is never pure but always situated within a “space of reasons.” This article explores parallels between this view and the Sapir‑Whorf hypothesis, as well as Kuhn’s notion of paradigm, highlighting how theoretical frameworks shape both scientific observation and everyday perception. Ontological and methodological implications of denying “pure” data are discussed, pointing out tensions concerning non‑discursive forms of knowledge (animals, infants, practical know‑how). Finally, a broadened reading is proposed that acknowledges the normative and social dimension of knowledge while still recognizing situated, embodied, and affective ways of knowing.
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subject: Social Sciences & Economics
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subject: Arts & Humanities
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creator: Alfredo Montero Fonseca
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Alfredo Montero Fonseca (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-12
publication date: 2026-03-12
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.673

Manual for the preparation of the graduation portfolio
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description: Due to the need to guide students and faculty in the Bachelor of Primary Education and Bachelor of Preschool Education programs at the University of Las Tunas in the design, selection, development, improvement, and presentation of portfolios as a means of culminating their studies, a review and analysis of research related to portfolios as an assessment tool was conducted, along with professional discussions and a methodological and scientific study at the departmental and program levels. This effort aimed to address this need, leading to the development of a manual with methodological and practical guidelines, which is included in this article. This manual establishes the rationale for using the portfolio as a culminating document, identifies the necessary elements for its application, and presents, in a didactic and detailed manner, the phases established for its implementation. These phases take into account the general objectives of the professional model, the work that will be presented as evidence of the degree of fulfillment of these objectives, and the professional problems that the portfolio aims to address.
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subject: Social Sciences & Economics
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creator: Pedro Pablo Nápoles Cruz
creator: Ada Iris Nápoles Cruz
creator: Mireisys Perdomo Thompson
creator: Yeranis Díaz Acosta
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 MSc. Pedro Pablo Nápoles Cruz , DrC. Ada Iris Nápoles Cruz , MSc. Mireisys Perdomo Thompson , Lic. Yeranis Díaz Acosta (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-02
publication date: 2026-03-02
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.667

Quantification of greenhouse gas emissions from the 2024 wildfire in Cocó State Park using remote sensing
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description: Urban mangroves constitute strategic Blue Carbon ecosystems, playing a relevant role in climate change mitigation. However, when disturbed by wildfires, these environments can rapidly shift from carbon sinks to sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study aimed to estimate GHG emissions associated with the 2024 fire event in Cocó State Park (PEC), Fortaleza, Brazil. The methodology integrated high-resolution remote sensing data (PlanetScope, 3 m) to delineate the burned area and stratify fire severity, combined with the equations proposed by the IPCC guidelines. Emissions of CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, CO, and NOx were calculated based on burned area, biomass load, combustion factors, and emission factors specific to mangrove forests and other vegetation types. The results indicate that the fire resulted in a total release of 507.5 t of CO₂, with the “Other Vegetation” class accounting for approximately 60% of total emissions due to the high combustion efficiency of dry biomass. In contrast, mangrove areas exhibited a higher relative contribution of methane (CH₄), associated with incomplete combustion processes. Moderate fire severity accounted for approximately 87% of total emissions, highlighting that the spatial extent of burned areas was the primary driver of climatic impact. It is concluded that the integration of high-resolution remote sensing and ecosystem-specific biophysical parameters is essential for accurate GHG inventories in urban coastal ecosystems, providing robust technical support for preventive fire management and the protection of Blue Carbon stocks.
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subject: Environmental and Earth Sciences
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creator: Mauricio Alejandro Perea Ardila
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mauricio Alejandro Perea Ardila (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-09
publication date: 2026-02-09
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.658

Where, who, and how International Book Day (2024) Was Celebrated in the Department of Nariño, Colombia
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description: This document emerges as a contribution to the diagnostic phase of the development of the Departmental Plan for Orality, Reading, Writing, and Spaces (OLEE Plan) of the department of Nariño (Colombia). It aims to disseminate and analyze, from the perspective of cultural management and territorial realities, the results of the mapping of initiatives related to the promotion of orality, reading, and writing, carried out on April 23, 2024, during the celebration of International Book Day, in 37 of the 64 municipalities of Nariño. The nature of the actors involved in the initiatives developed, the roles played by women within these initiatives, the contribution of public libraries, articulation actions, coverage in rural contexts, and sources of funding are among the themes through which this document proposes reflections, analyses, and recommendations. These seek to contribute to the construction of the OLEE Plan and to future research on cultural policies, library and information science, and cultural governance in regions with characteristics similar to those of the department of Nariño.
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subject: Social Sciences & Economics
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creator: Vladimir Hernández Botina
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Vladimir Hernández Botina (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-06
publication date: 2026-02-06
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.655

Emotionality and critical citizenship: Evidence from engineering students
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description: This research explores the relationship between emotion and critical thinking in 144 first-year students at a technological institute in Yucatán, Mexico. Through a validated questionnaire featuring four digital dilemmas, 576 brief narratives were collected. Mixed analysis (descriptive counting and open-axial-selective qualitative coding) revealed that 75% of initial reactions were affective. Three narrative cores dominated: moral outrage (36.1%), critical curiosity (43.1%), and reflective empathy (20.8%). Upon introducing dissonant sources, nearly half of the responses shifted from an Uncritical-Uncritical pattern to an Uncritical-Critical one, suggesting that outrage can serve as a cognitive lever if the classroom provides contrasting inputs. The findings support the relevance of incorporating metacognitive pauses as a pedagogical practice that slows down the attention economy and fosters reflective digital citizenship. Socio-critical and humanistic implications for curricula are discussed, as well as inherent limitations related to convenience sampling and the need to extend longitudinal follow-up (T₁–T₄) to contexts with precarious connectivity. Finally, it is proposed that literacy is not only about teaching how to “navigate” the web but how to breathe within it: managing the emotional spark so that the fire of judgment illuminates without consuming.
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subject: Social Sciences & Economics
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creator: Jesús Francis Martínez Ortega
creator: Elvira del Carmen May Dorantes
creator: Alma Patricia Aguilar Novelo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jesús Francis Martínez Ortega, Elvira del Carmen May Dorantes, Alma Patricia Aguilar Novelo (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-06
publication date: 2026-02-06
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.654

Estimating blue carbon potential in Cocó state park: An approach using remote sensing products
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description: In the context of the climate emergency, urban mangroves constitute strategic ecosystems for climate change mitigation, although their management is constrained by the scarcity of quantitative data on their carbon stocks. This study estimates the Blue Carbon potential and the spatial distribution of carbon stocks in the Cocó State Park (PEC), Fortaleza, Brazil, over the period 2010–2022. To this end, we employed geoprocessing techniques and integrated global-scale remote sensing products from the ESA Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI) with regional datasets from MapBiomas (considering the soil layer down to 30 cm depth), in order to quantify biomass and soil organic carbon (SOC). The results reveal that the PEC mangroves functioned as an active carbon sink, with an 11.3% increase in areal extent and a 21.5% increase in total carbon stock, rising from 45,988.9 MgC in 2010 to 55,871.9 MgC in 2022. The edaphic component represented the dominant reservoir, accounting for 69.5% of the total stock and exhibiting high temporal stability. Spatial analysis identified a functional duality, with a dynamic western sector characterized by greater biomass gains, and an eastern sector acting as a stable SOC reservoir. With a storage capacity of up to 205,049.8 Mg of CO₂ equivalent by the end of the study period, the park's resilience to urban pressure is confirmed, providing a fundamental quantitative baseline for Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and climate finance strategies.
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subject: Natural and Exact Sciences
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subject: Engineering and Technology
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creator: Mauricio Alejandro Perea Ardila
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mauricio Alejandro Perea Ardila (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-21
publication date: 2026-01-21
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.653

The appropriation of pop culture in popular movements of struggle and the emergence of a revolutionary aesthetics
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description: Faced with an aesthetic paradigm that aligns with and perpetuates the hegemonic social order, based on economic, social, and political exploitation, we argue for the need to construct a new revolutionary aesthetic. In contemporary movements of popular struggle, we observe representations and graphic creations that suggest the first steps toward this new aesthetic are already underway. The aim is to determine whether the appropriation of pop culture in the graphic expressions of contemporary popular movements of struggle represents the initial steps toward a new aesthetic relationship of a revolutionary nature. The research design is qualitative, inductive, and based on case studies. The cases of Chile, Colombia, Nepal, and the Faculty of Engineering of UNAM, Mexico, were analyzed. The findings indicate that contemporary movements of popular struggle exhibit characteristics that point to the emergence of a revolutionary aesthetic project.
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subject: Arts & Humanities
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creator: Héctor Ulises Chiñas-Aguilar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Héctor Ulises Chiñas Aguilar (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-21
publication date: 2026-01-21
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.652

Integration of finite element analysis (FEA) in the design of critical mechanical components to improve occupational safety
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description: Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has become a fundamental tool in the design of mechanical components, especially those considered critical within industrial environments. This article aims to explore the integration of FEA into the mechanical design process as a strategy to enhance occupational safety. To this end, an exhaustive review of specialized scientific literature was conducted, focusing on recent studies related to simulation-assisted design, structural analysis, and mechanical failure prevention.The results show that the application of FEA makes it possible to identify stress concentration zones, deformations, and potential failures prior to manufacturing, thereby reducing occupational risks and operational costs. Finally, it is concluded that the incorporation of FEA into mechanical design significantly contributes to the improvement of occupational safety and the optimization of industrial processes.Furthermore, the study highlights that the use of FEA impacts not only the design phase but also the validation, maintenance, and continuous improvement stages of industrial equipment. By simulating different loading, temperature, and pressure conditions, it is possible to evaluate the mechanical behavior of components under real operating scenarios, which facilitates informed decision-making and reduces dependence on costly and potentially hazardous physical testing.Likewise, the integration of FEA with Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) tools promotes a comprehensive product life cycle approach, increasing structural reliability and productive efficiency.
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subject: Engineering and Technology
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creator: Alanis Monserrate Apolo Peralta
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Alanis Monserrate Apolo Peralta (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-21
publication date: 2026-01-21
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.651

Information and communication technologies uses and the relationship with obesity in Cuban youth
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description: The study analyzes the influence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTSs) use on the increase of overweight and obesity in Cuban youth. A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and descriptive statistical analysis of physical fitness assessments in 176 youth were conducted. Results show that 24% of the Cuban population presents obesity (2024). In physical fitness, only 38.64% passed the evaluations, with 61.36% in "Poor" category. Descriptive analysis reveals low performance in general endurance (mean=3.12/5) and arm strength (mean=25.87 repetitions). It is concluded that ICTSs constitute an emerging obesogenic factor that interacts with social, economic and cultural determinants, requiring multisectoral strategies to counteract their negative effects.
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subject: Health and Medical Sciences
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creator: Elmys Ramírez González
creator: Yskra Monte de Oca Escalona
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Elmys Ramírez González, Yskra Monte de Oca Escalona (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-21
publication date: 2026-01-21
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.650

Acute exacerbation of superinfected EPOC in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities
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description: Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory condition with high prevalence and significant mortality. It predominantly affects older adults with multiple comorbidities. Acute exacerbations, usually of infectious origin, represent a major cause of hospitalization and functional decline. Methods: We report the case of an 80-year-old male patient with a history of COPD, chronic ischemic heart disease, arterial hypertension, and former smoker, who was admitted to the Dr. Bolívar Argüello Geriatric Hospital due to progressive dyspnea, productive cough, and oxygen desaturation. A comprehensive clinical assessment was performed, including laboratory tests, arterial blood gas analysis, serial electrocardiograms, and chest radiography. Discusión: Findings revealed hypoxemia, elevated C-reactive protein levels, secondary polycythemia, mild thrombocytopenia, and urinalysis compatible with urinary tract infection. Chest radiography showed pulmonary hyperinflation and increased bronchovascular markings. Electrocardiograms demonstrated conduction abnormalities suggestive of trifascicular block. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of acute infective exacerbation of COPD was established. The patient was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, inhaled bronchodilators, mucolytics, oxygen therapy, and prophylactic anticoagulation, achieving a favorable clinical outcome. Conclusion: Acute exacerbations of COPD in geriatric patients with multiple comorbidities require a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach. Timely management allowed clinical stabilization and contributed to a favorable outcome during the current acute hospitalization.
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subject: Health and Medical Sciences
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creator: Aarón Tubón
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Aarón Tubón (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-19
publication date: 2026-01-19
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.649

Technical-economic analysis of equivalent photovoltaic configurations of microinverters: Case study at the SENA Pedregal photovoltaic park, Medellín
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description: The efficiency of electrical power generation in photovoltaic systems is a critical aspect that can be affected by various factors such as weather conditions, technical specifications of components, and infrastructure configurations. In this study, we focused on analyzing the impact on generation efficiency between two equivalent photovoltaic configurations, which differ in the use of two types of microinverters (MIs) from the same manufacturer, but with different nominal power characteristics and analyzed the economics implementation factor to determine which configuration maximizes the return on investment (ROI). This research was carried out at the SENA photovoltaic park, located in Medellín. For this study, the energy generation data from both configurations were utilized. This information was supplemented with irradiance data for the same 8-month period from SIATA. The results obtained, under identical environmental conditions, indicate that the D1 configuration, equipped with 600 W MIs, is on average 55.1% more efficient in converting irradiated solar energy into electrical power. This resulted in an average 53.7% increase in electricity production compared to the D2 system, which employs 1200 W Mis. In economic terms, the D1 600 W configuration entails a 34% higher initial investment compared to D2. However, this investment is amortized within an estimated 17-month period due to its superior energy efficiency, thereby enhancing the photovoltaic system's cost-benefit ratio.
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subject: Engineering and Technology
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creator: David A. Calle-Bedoya
creator: Diego A. Villa-Rodas
creator: Francisco J. Vélez-Hoyos
creator: Victor Hugo Aristizabal Tique
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 David A. Calle-Bedoya, Diego A. Villa-Rodas, Francisco J. Vélez-Hoyos, Victor H Aristizabal-Tique (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-19
publication date: 2026-01-19
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.645

The state of neurological physiotherapy in Spain: a national survey
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description: Introduction: Despite recent advances in neurorehabilitation and neurological physiotherapy, uncertainty remains regarding the practical application of different interventions. The objective was to determine the sociodemographic and professional characteristics of neurological physiotherapists in Spain and their relationship to the application of different therapeutic options. Methods: A national survey was conducted, consisting of 14 closed-ended questions that collected sociodemographic information, academic and professional profile, and use of different interventions. Participants responded anonymously. Data from 849 respondents were analyzed, exploring the association between different professional characteristics and the use of interventions. Results: The majority were women (75.27%), with a predominant age range of 21–40 years. Territorial representation was uneven across regions. 73.62% were exclusively dedicated to clinical practice, and the majority lacked experience or training in research (60–65%). The highest level of academic achievement was comparable among continuing education, postgraduate programs, and official master's degrees. The most frequently used intervention was therapeutic exercise/motor control (85.75%), followed by the Bobath concept (66.55%). Differences were found in the use of various interventions according to academic training, healthcare system, and work experience. Conclusions: Neurological physiotherapists in Spain are predominantly young women dedicated exclusively to clinical practice. Differences exist in the use of therapeutic interventions between public and private healthcare systems and among different levels of postgraduate training or work experience, which likely influences the quality of care.
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subject: Health and Medical Sciences
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subject: Social Sciences & Economics
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creator: Selma Peláez Hervás
creator: Alfredo Lerín Calvo
creator: Carlos Rodríguez López
creator: Ismael Sanz Esteban
creator: Marcos Moreno Verdú
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Selma Peláez Hervás, Alfredo Lerín Calvo, Carlos Rodríguez López, Ismael Sanz Esteban, Marcos Moreno Verdú (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-19
publication date: 2026-01-19
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.640

Drex e os Limites Institucionais do Dinheiro Digital: O Experimento Interrompido da CBDC Brasileira
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description: Este artigo analisa a evolução do Drex, o projeto oficial de moeda digital do Brasil. Inicialmente concebido como uma CBDC baseada em blockchain, o projeto foi supostamente suspenso em sua forma original até 2025. Relatos da mídia indicam que ele abandonou a DLT para se tornar um ecossistema de tokenização, com um representante oficial afirmando que “não é uma CBDC”. Este artigo argumenta que essa transição evidencia a tensão fundamental entre inovação tecnológica e soberania monetária. Argumentamos que essa mudança priorizou o controle estatal hierárquico e posicionamos o Drex como uma “terceira via” entre a vigilância centralizada e a inovação privada. O legado inacabado do Drex oferece percepções cruciais sobre o futuro institucional do dinheiro.
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subject: Natural and Exact Sciences
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subject: Engineering and Technology
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creator: Leandro Jorge Yacoubian
creator: Grigor Sahak Ketenchian
creator: Daniel Santo Padilla Garcia
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Leandro Jorge Yacoubian, Grigor Sahak Ketenchian, Daniel Santo Padilla Garcia (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-06
publication date: 2026-01-06
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.636

Conceptual Model and Open Tool for the Standardized Disclosure of Generative AI Use in Scientific Production
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description: The accelerated adoption of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in academic writing and research is outpacing the development of clear, harmonized editorial policies. Current responses oscillate between outright bans and unreported use. Although organizations such as COPE and the ICMJE, as well as major publishers, have issued general guidance, there is still no standardized mechanism to operationalize these principles in a way that is granular, interoperable, and verifiable. This whitepaper proposes a conceptual model for disclosing GenAI use in scholarly production, structured around: (1) a taxonomy of uses that distinguishes between assistance, co-creation, and substantive transformation; (2) an operational human review and oversight scale with six levels (0–5); and (3) a dual output (human-readable structured text and machine-readable JSON) coupled with cryptographic verification. As a reference implementation, we present usoeticoia.org, an open tool that operationalizes this model through a four-step assistant. The platform generates both outputs and a verification hash, and it is designed to support integration into editorial management systems and open scholarly publishing workflows. During its first week of operation (December 2025), the platform generated 8 declarations and collected 16 public signatories from 16 countries and institutions. These figures should be interpreted as preliminary signals; they do not allow inference about population-level adoption rates nor causal impact.
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subject: Social Sciences & Economics
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creator: German Díaz Hernández
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 German Díaz Hernández (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-16
publication date: 2026-01-16
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.634

La otra cara del expediente: Abogado, antropología y WhatsApp en los márgenes del Estado. Por qué falló la protección de Briana. Y por que murió.
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description: Este informe de caso examina la interacción micropolítica entre un operador jurídico en formación y una adolescente en situación de extrema vulnerabilidad, mediada exclusivamente por WhatsApp en una clínica jurídica del Conurbano Bonaerense. A través de una auto-etnografía retrospectiva de chats (2024-2025) y documentos legales, se analiza el proceso de "desprotección activa" que culminó en el fallecimiento de la consultante. El estudio revela cómo la precariedad institucional, la ausencia de protocolos de salud mental y la violencia epistemológica de la burocracia transformaron un expediente técnicamente correcto en una trampa mortal. Se concluye que la intervención no falló por negligencia individual, sino por una captura sistémica donde la producción ritual de documentos invisibilizó el riesgo vital de la persona, demostrando cómo el sistema judicial en los márgenes puede operar exitosamente en lo formal mientras fracasa catastróficamente en lo humano.
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subject: Social Sciences & Economics
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creator: Marcos Alejandro Anriquez
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Marcos Alejandro Anriquez (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-16
publication date: 2026-01-16
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.633

The Taser as a policing tool: Criminological and forensic keys for a rights-based regulatory framework within the european and latin american legal spheres
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description: Taser-type conducted energy devices (CEDs) have established themselves as pivotal instruments within the police continuum of force; however, their regulatory and operational expansion has outpaced the production of integrated scientific evidence and its subsequent translation into homogeneous legal standards. Drawing on doctoral research comprising a systematic review of over 500 studies (2010–2024), a comparative analysis of regulatory frameworks, and case study methodologies, this work examines the operational effectiveness of the Taser, its medico-forensic consequences, and the constitutional and human rights implications of its deployment. The study proposes a rights-based (garantista) normative framework that articulates criteria of necessity, proportionality, independent oversight, and reinforced protection for vulnerable groups, with particular emphasis on the European and Latin American contexts. This article argues that the crux of the matter lies not so much in the technology itself as in the conditions of its implementation: the quality of training, the density of ex post controls, transparency, and democratic participation in the formulation of public policies regarding less-lethal force.
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subject: Social Sciences & Economics
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creator: Felipe Rubio López
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Felipe Rubio López (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.630

Influence of Violent Content in Video Games on the Social Construction of Violence
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description: This article examines the relationship between violent content in video games and social violence through a documentary and statistical approach. Drawing on a review of scientific literature in psychology, sociology, and cultural studies, as well as the analysis of global datasets on video game sales and homicide rates, the study explores whether the consumption of violent video games is associated with increases in real-world violence. The results indicate that the sustained growth of the video game industry does not correspond with higher levels of social violence. On the contrary, regions with greater market penetration and access to video games generally exhibit lower homicide rates. The thematic analysis further shows that a higher proportion of violent video game content is not linked to increased levels of lethal violence, suggesting that both phenomena follow independent dynamics. From a sociocultural perspective, violence in video games is interpreted as a symbolic and narrative resource rather than a direct driver of aggressive behavior. Overall, the findings challenge moralistic and simplified interpretations and support a broader understanding of video games as part of a complex technological and cultural ecosystem.
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subject: Social Sciences & Economics
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subject: Arts & Humanities
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creator: Victor Manuel Mora Romo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Victor Manuel Mora Romo (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.624

Invisible walls: where home can’t reach. A chronicle of residential exclusion in Spain
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description: Nowadays, human rights in our country are being violated. Although the Declaration stipulates the right to a decent home, daily hundreds of families are evicted from their homes because they can not continue to pay, many other sectors of the population are displaced on the outskirts of cities due to lack of resources and others still having a home does not have minimum conditions that ensure their welfare or subsistence. This work tries to capture and Spain housing more than a universal right has become a luxury to which the most vulnerable are unable to access.
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subject: Social Sciences & Economics
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creator: Patricia Buedo Martinez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Patricia Buedo Martinez (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-10
publication date: 2025-12-10
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.599

Adaptive NeuroPathway Model (NVA): A Neurobiologically-Based Proposal for Learning Design
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description: Higher education is currently immersed in a technologically accelerated ecosystem characterized by artificial intelligence, intensive information flows and high cognitive demands, requiring flexible cognition and continuous adaptive learning. However, traditional teaching practices highly predictable and focused on content reproduction limit synaptic reorganization and the development of higher-order cognitive skills. This theoretical documentary study synthesizes recent neurobiological, cognitive and neuroeducational evidence (2019–2024) to propose the NeuroVía Adaptativa Model (NVA), a conceptual framework designed to promote deep learning in university students. Using an inductive content analysis approach and a systematic search in Web of Science, twelve articles were selected that address synaptic plasticity, predictive processing, cortical reorganization, cognitive load, and neuroeducation-informed teaching. The analysis reveals that deep learning emerges when students face moderated prediction errors, balanced cognitive load, contextual variability, and neuroinformed instructional regulation. The NVA articulates five key principles optimal microchallenge, cognitive load regulation, contextual diversification, neuroinformed scaffolding, and transfer-oriented evaluation offering a coherent theoretical basis for guiding pedagogical practices aligned with contemporary cognitive demands. The study concludes that activating continuous synaptic reorganization requires instructional designs that intentionally modulate effort, variability, and prediction error, positioning the teacher as a key regulator of cognitive and emotional engagement in higher education
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subject: Natural and Exact Sciences
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subject: Arts & Humanities
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creator: Veronica Pantoja
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Verónica L. Pantoja Silva (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-16
publication date: 2025-12-16
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.588

Use of ICTs and their relationship with obesity in cuban youth
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description: The study analyzes the influence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) use on the increase of overweight and obesity in Cuban youth. A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and descriptive statistical analysis of physical fitness assessments in 176 youth were conducted. Results show that 24% of the Cuban population presents obesity (2024). In physical fitness, only 38.64% passed the evaluations, with 61.36% in "Poor" category. Descriptive analysis reveals low performance in general endurance (mean=3.12/5) and arm strength (mean=25.87 repetitions). It is concluded that ICTs constitute an emerging obesogenic factor that interacts with social, economic and cultural determinants, requiring multisectoral strategies to counteract their negative effects.
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subject: Engineering and Technology
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subject: Health and Medical Sciences
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subject: Arts & Humanities
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creator: elmys Ramírez González
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Elmys Ramírez González (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-05
publication date: 2026-01-05
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.584