LatArXiv
type: channel
description: LatArXiv is the leading open repository dedicated to advancing science and research in the Latin American community. We offer free access to cutting-edge preprints across a wide range of disciplines. Explore LatArXiv Preprints, the leading platform for accessible scientific preprints. Our platform facilitates the rapid dissemination of discoveries and encourages academic dialogue among researchers, promoting collaboration within the scientific community. Dive into the latest scientific advancements and contribute your work to drive open science and innovation.
publisher: Array
language: en
publication name: LatArXiv
copyright: This preprint contains the reported license and associated copyright. Once published in an associated journal or other publisher, the published version assumes the publisher's terms and conditions.
items: Depression levels in medical students and their impact on academic performance
items: The latin american chair
items: Historical trends of the teaching-learning process of the clinical method in clinical-surgical subjects of the Medicine major in Cuba
items: Regulation of contactless payments in Argentina: coherences, gaps, and effects of an urgently enacted policy
items: A spectral theory for the fractional memory Helmholtz operator and its application to quantum systems
items: Thermodynamic unification of emergent gravity: entropy and the quantum floor of spacetime. The stoney limit as a solution to Big Bang singularities and gravitational collapse.
items: Multiple sclerosis in a young patient: diagnostic challenge in the post-covid 19 context.
items: Education for citizenship and sustainability
items: Breast Cancer Pink Route (RRCS): a proposal for the navigation of cancer patients in Montería, Córdoba
items: An approach to energy compensation
items: Evaluating teaching practice or staging an ideal class? Pedagogical reflections on the demonstration video requested by INEVAL in Ecuador
items: Optimal magnetoelastic control of magnetization switching: energy mechanisms and robustness limits
items: Mental health in the 1990 peruvian dictatorship. The impact of sensationalism on citizens by the «chicha» newspapers during the Fujimori government
items: Quality in health services: the case of Mexican universities
items: The origin of the Fine Structure Constant 137
items: Scientific metaphors in Social Sciences: An essay on conceptual migration
items: Quantum tunneling in synaptic enzymes as a source of genuine neural variability
items: Contemporary evidence-based techniques for the conservative treatment of medial tibial periostitis: an integrative review of the state of the art
items: Between protocol and judgment: physiotherapy education as a field of epistemic dispute
items: Frequency of pathologies related to kinesiology and physiotherapy suffered by older adults, year 2022.
items: Ethnobotany in Santiago Nejapilla, Oaxaca: biocultural knowledge at risk
items: FDTD analysis of TA waves
items: Physical fitness, body composition and quality of life in first-year medical sciences students
items: Emergent gravitational effects from the transformation between inertial and non-inertial frames in the observation of a photon
items: Emergent gravitational dynamics from a photon action with an effective refractive index
items: Clinical factors associated with diagnosis or suspicion of ASD in children from southern Chile
items: The given, language, and knowledge. A critical reading of Wilfrid Sellars
items: Manual for the preparation of the graduation portfolio
items: Quantification of greenhouse gas emissions from the 2024 wildfire in Cocó State Park using remote sensing
items: Where, who, and how International Book Day (2024) Was Celebrated in the Department of Nariño, Colombia

Depression levels in medical students and their impact on academic performance
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description: Depression is a mood disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. This illness impacts quality of life and academic performance, especially among health sciences students. Studies have shown a link between depression and poor academic performance. The objective of this study was to measure depression levels in medical students at the Santa Marta campus and their relationship to academic performance using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the SOLO taxonomy. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was administered to 273 students. Their semester GPA and SOLO category were then recorded. 71.7% of the students presented some degree of depression. The majority presented with mild depression. However, 18.8% showed signs of very severe depression, and 13.7% showed signs of severe depression. No differences were observed in the semester GPA between students with and without depression. No difference was observed in the semester GPA among the degrees of depression, but there was a trend toward a decrease in the proportion of depressed students as the semesters progressed. Upon reviewing the classification, ONLY severe cases of depression were concentrated at the multistructural and relational levels, while their proportion was lower at the expanded abstract level. In summary, low levels of depression have no effect on students' academic performance.
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subject: Health and Medical Sciences
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creator: Ismael Correa Gómez
creator: Bleidy Milena Mora Centeno
creator: Cristian Javier Fong Reales
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ismael Correa Gómez, Bleidy Milena Mora Centeno, Cristian Javier Fong Reales (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-08-18
publication date: 2026-08-18
doi: 10.62059/0y4cyg43

The latin american chair
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description: This research analyzes the evolution of chair design in Argentina as a sequence of paradigmatic transformations analogous to those described by Thomas S. Kuhn (1962). Through a qualitative hermeneutic approach, it examines three emblematic chair cases, situated within the American Liberal Social Order, corresponding to three successive aesthetics: non-modern (proto-rationalist), modern (neo-rationalist), and postmodern (eclecticist). The analysis draws on the categories of Jordi Llovet (1979), who critically adapted Jean Baudrillard's semiological concepts to industrial design. Llovet distinguishes four constitutive values of the designed object: functional use-value (the useful), aesthetic sign-value (the beautiful), symbolic use-value (the symbolic), and capitalist exchange-value (the economic). The study incorporates a fifth emergent value: socio-environmental use-value, which integrates ecological sustainability, social justice, and the revaluation of local knowledge. The findings show that the matera chair exemplifies a phase of Kuhnian normal science (artisanal), with functional, aesthetic, and symbolic values unified. The B.K.F. chair embodies a Kuhnian paradigmatic revolution (industrial), with fragmentation of these values and hegemony of exchange-value. Finally, the Aro chair illustrates a new crisis of the industrial paradigm and the gestation of a hybrid-sustainable paradigm (semi-industrial, semi-artisanal), where values are critically and ethically reintegrated. The study confirms that the everyday object—the chair—functions as a material document of historical revolutions, where worldviews, modes of production, and social relations are contested.
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subject: Arts & Humanities
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creator: Ibar Federico Anderson
creator: Gastón Eduardo Girod
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibar Federico Anderson, Gastón Eduardo Girod (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-08-11
publication date: 2026-08-11
doi: 10.62059/1hfz8153

Historical trends of the teaching-learning process of the clinical method in clinical-surgical subjects of the Medicine major in Cuba
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description: Background: The teaching-learning process of the clinical method in clinical-surgical subjects has undergone curricular transformations driven by techno-scientific development and social demands, requiring an analysis of its evolution in Cuba. The objective of this research is to determine the historical trends of this process in the medical undergraduate curriculum in Cuba. Method: A historical pedagogical study was conducted at the University Of Medical Sciences of Ciego De Ávila (2020-2026). Using theoretical methods, documentary analysis, and source triangulation, three indicators were qualitatively evaluated: content systematization, intra and interdisciplinary integration, and application of technological potential/professional performance. Results: The year 1969 was established as a trend turning point, and four developmental stages were characterized: first (1969-1984), focused on technical-corroborative reform; second (1985-1998), oriented toward performance levels and marked by the onset of the clinical method crisis; third (1999-2015), reoriented toward primary healthcare and the institutional rescue of clinics; and fourth (2016-present), characterized by the consolidation of General Medicine as the main integrative discipline and the inclusion of quaternary prevention in Curricula D and E. Conclusions: Historical trends show a shift from a fragmented, in-hospital training toward an integrated and decentralized model. Although contemporary curricular designs promote the rational use of technology, real integration in educational practice remains dependent on effective methodological work, demanding a professional performance that subordinates techno-scientific advances to humanistic clinical judgment.
subject: Revista Argentina de Medicina
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subject: Health and Medical Sciences
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creator: Jorge Luis Santana Pérez
creator: Reinaldo Pablo García Pérez
creator: Miguel Armas Crespo
creator: Pedro Manuel Concepción Cuétara
creator: Daritza León Méndez
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jorge Luis Santana Pérez, Reinaldo Pablo García Pérez, Miguel Armas Crespo, Pedro Manuel Concepción Cuétara, Daritza León Méndez (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-08-06
publication date: 2026-08-06
doi: 10.62059/ren75t14

Regulation of contactless payments in Argentina: coherences, gaps, and effects of an urgently enacted policy
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description: Resolution 87/2024 issued by the National Secretariat of Commerce modified the operational logic of payment mechanisms and revived the controversy over whether consumers or users are required to show their ID when making in-person purchases. The main focus of this article is to determine whether, under the coexistence of this resolution alongside the National Credit Card Law (Law 25,065) and Law 15,531 of the Province of Buenos Aires, such obligation for in-person identification by the vendor still persists. From this starting point, the current regulatory framework in Argentina is examined, analyzing the context in which the resolution was enacted and the interpretative conflicts arising from its ambiguous and lax drafting. Furthermore, the emerging doctrinal debate regarding the display of the identity document is addressed through a critical and personal analysis, integrating the perspectives of tax law, daily commercial practice, and the disruption of NFC payments. Finally, a comparative law analysis is incorporated to observe international practices on the matter, reaching a conclusion that proposes the advancement of law alongside technology, ensuring that validation controls do not affect consumers' sensitive information and allow for the development of a modern and agile payment ecosystem in Argentina.
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subject: Social Sciences & Economics
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creator: Matias Ahmed Kehaike Calo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Matias Ahmed Kehaike Calo (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-23
publication date: 2026-07-23
doi: 10.62059/7xac5935

A spectral theory for the fractional memory Helmholtz operator and its application to quantum systems
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description: We introduce the Fractional Memory Helmholtz Operator (FMHO), a generalized spectral operator constructed from Romero’s AFA operator for the description of wave phenomena with temporal memory. The proposed formulation extends the classical Helmholtz framework by embedding fractional temporal dynamics directly into the spectral operator rather than modifying the governing equations. A generalized Helmholtz eigenvalue problem is formulated and shown to admit, under separable solutions, a decomposition of its spectrum into a classical Helmholtz contribution and a memory-induced fractional correction. This result provides a natural interpretation of temporal memory as an intrinsic spectral property of the operator. As a direct consequence, a generalized Schr¨odinger–Helmholtz equation is obtained and applied to the one-dimensional infinite quantum well. The analysis demonstrates that the spatial eigenfunctions coincide with the classical solutions, while the temporal evolution is governed by the Mittag–Leffler function, producing a shift of the energy spectrum associated with temporal memory. The proposed framework establishes a unified operator-based formulation for generalized Helmholtz problems and opens new perspectives for the mathematical modeling of non-Markovian phenomena in quantum mechanics, wave propagation, optics, acoustics, and other complex systems.
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subject: Natural and Exact Sciences
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creator: Luis Guillermo Romero
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Luis Guillermo Romero (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-29
publication date: 2026-07-29
doi: 10.62059/6y2dxw63

Thermodynamic unification of emergent gravity: entropy and the quantum floor of spacetime. The stoney limit as a solution to Big Bang singularities and gravitational collapse.
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description: This document presents the definitive mathematical framework of Scalar Dissipation Theory (TDE-137). It demonstrates that the fine-structure constant (1/137) governs the geometric packing of spacetime through a Minimum Dissipation Area, derived directly from quantum entropy equilibrium at the event horizon. Using the original 1899 formulation of the Planck mass (based on the original constant *h*), a quantum gravity equation is derived at the vacuum "pixel" scale; this equation absolutely cancels out Newton's gravitational constant (G), thereby demonstrating the non-existence of the graviton. The model establishes a dynamic boundary law regulated by a Stoney mass, reformulates Hawking evaporation thermodynamics, and structures the Einstein metric with a quantum floor, ensuring the center of a black hole does not blow up to infinity. The most significant milestone of this model lies in the perfect and explicit unification of classical Newtonian gravity and quantum gravity upon reaching the Stoney mass scale. While contemporary physics keeps these two forms of gravity separated by an insurmountable mathematical barrier, this development demonstrates that when a black hole's mass shrinks to microscopically match the Stoney mass, the system undergoes a phase transition where macroscopic and quantum laws converge at a single equilibrium point. This algebraic approach not only preserves numerical consistency with the macroscopic models of classical general relativity—yielding identical predictions for stellar-mass bodies—but also naturally resolves the mathematical divergence toward infinity (the terminal singularity) that plagues standard theory during its final quantum stages.
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subject: Natural and Exact Sciences
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subject: Engineering and Technology
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creator: Alex A Pavon Lopez
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Alex A Pavon Lopez (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-23
publication date: 2026-07-23
doi: 10.62059/ep8aa936

Multiple sclerosis in a young patient: diagnostic challenge in the post-covid 19 context.
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description: A previously healthy 40-year-old man presented with progressive lower limb weakness, accompanied by paresthesias and gait disturbances, following an infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Symptoms partially resolved without the need for hospitalization or immunomodulatory treatment. Three years later, the patient experienced a new neurological relapse characterized by spastic paraparesis, hyperreflexia, Achilles clonus, and gait ataxia with postural instability. Brain and spinal magnetic resonance imaging revealed hyperintense lesions on T2-weighted and FLAIR sequences, with some showing contrast enhancement, suggesting dissemination in space and time. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed positive oligoclonal bands with normal glucose and protein levels. Based on the McDonald criteria, a diagnosis of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis was established, and treatment with intravenous corticosteroids and disease-modifying therapy was initiated. This case highlights the importance of early and accurate diagnosis of demyelinating disorders, particularly in the context of potential viral triggers such as SARS-CoV-2.
subject: Revista Argentina de Medicina
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subject: Health and Medical Sciences
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creator: Andres Hernández Navas
creator: Luis Dulcey Sarmiento
creator: Jaime Gómez Ayala
creator: Juan Therán León
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Andres Hernández Navas, Luis Dulcey Sarmiento, Jaime Gómez Ayala, Juan Therán León (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-08
publication date: 2026-07-08
doi: 10.62059/bz6gbn02

Education for citizenship and sustainability
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description: His article examines and assesses a document published last year on the civic education of Brazilian students. Its main objective is to propose its reformulation, supported by appropriate theoretical frameworks and successful experiences from other countries. It consists of a history of the relevant legislation, an analysis of some key indicators of the desired student profile, and arguments that dismantle this aspiration. The fundamental conclusion drawn is that this document should be modified to include active citizenship as a guiding principle of civic education.
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subject: Social Sciences & Economics
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creator: Antônio Carlos Will Ludwig
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Antônio Carlos Will Ludwig (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-21
publication date: 2026-07-21
doi: 10.62059/d51vz550

Breast Cancer Pink Route (RRCS): a proposal for the navigation of cancer patients in Montería, Córdoba
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description: Breast cancer remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity among women in Colombia, a situation exacerbated in regions like Montería, Córdoba, where social, economic, geographic, and administrative limitations persist, affecting access to and continuity of cancer care. The objective of this study was to identify the main barriers to access related to breast cancer and to propose a patient navigation plan adapted to the regional context. A literature review was conducted using scientific databases and grey literature, complemented by a semi-structured interview with a representative of the League Against Cancer – Córdoba Chapter. Based on this review, phenomena such as significant delays in the diagnostic-therapeutic process, low screening coverage, and multiple structural barriers were identified, ultimately leading to diagnosis at advanced stages. As a result, the Breast Cancer Pink Route (RRCS) patient navigation system was proposed, focused on strengthening early detection, streamlining access to health services, and optimizing comprehensive patient support through strategies such as cancer navigation, risk stratification, priority pathways, and telemedicine. It is concluded that the implementation of comprehensive strategies adapted to the regional context will contribute to improving timely access to and the quality of cancer care.
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subject: Health and Medical Sciences
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creator: Natalia Tabares-Acosta
creator: Camilo Villegas-Pulido
creator: Isabella Vallejo-Caiza
creator: Saray Fernanda Saavedra-Velandia
creator: Mariana Zamudio-Diaz
creator: Francisco Palencia-Sánchez
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Natalia Tabares-Acosta, Camilo Villegas-Pulido, Isabella Vallejo-Caiza, Saray Fernanda Saavedra-Velandia, Mariana Zamudio-Diaz, Francisco Palencia-Sánchez (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-29
publication date: 2026-06-29
doi: 10.62059/cede9980

An approach to energy compensation
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description: Intramolecular epistasis, in the context of energy compensation, describes how pairs of residues within a protein interact to preserve structural stability under perturbations. This work presents a mathematical framework derived from thermodynamic principles to formalize energy compensation between residues. By defining the scalar function Cpq and incorporating first- and second-order derivatives, local and cross curvatures, and sensitivity coefficients, the model captures how perturbations in conformational states propagate through the protein network. The Hessian matrix is introduced to characterize energetic rigidity, flexibility, and structural coupling, while the coefficients λpq quantify the efficiency of energy transmission and reveal conditions of robustness, plasticity, independence, conflict, and destructive resonance. Altogether, this approach provides a conceptual and quantitative basis for mapping the energetic geometry of proteins, identifying critical regions that act as buffers, absorbers, or amplifiers of perturbations, and advancing the understanding of how proteins maintain homeostasis and adaptive stability.
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subject: Natural and Exact Sciences
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creator: Maurizio Cavani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Maurizio Cavani (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-18
publication date: 2026-06-18
doi: 10.62059/w2jn3a04

Evaluating teaching practice or staging an ideal class? Pedagogical reflections on the demonstration video requested by INEVAL in Ecuador
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description: The incorporation of demonstration videos as part of teacher performance evaluation processes represents a growing trend in various educational systems. In Ecuador, the implementation of this approach by the National Institute for Educational Evaluation (INEVAL) has generated considerable discussion within the educational community. Based on the experience of recording a demonstration lesson and analyzing hundreds of comments posted by teachers and students on social media, this article reflects on the tensions between the authenticity of pedagogical practice and the tendency to stage idealized lessons to meet evaluation criteria. It analyzes aspects related to school infrastructure, the availability of technological resources, actual teaching conditions, the emotional pressure on teachers, and the methodological challenges arising from recording an evaluative lesson. Finally, it argues that teacher evaluation processes should consider the contextual realities of educational institutions and prioritize pedagogical authenticity over staged perfection.
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subject: Social Sciences & Economics
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subject: Arts & Humanities
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creator: Leonardo Armijos Alarcon
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Leonardo Armijos Alarcon (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-11
publication date: 2026-06-11
doi: 10.62059/99aab764

Optimal magnetoelastic control of magnetization switching: energy mechanisms and robustness limits
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description: This work examines magnetization switching driven by magnetoelastic control. In this mechanism, switching is not produced by a direct rotation of the magnetization, but by a transient modification of the energy landscape that lowers the effective barrier between magnetic states and enables the transition toward the desired final configuration. The analysis is centered on the operational limits of this control strategy. In particular, dissipation and noise are treated as decisive factors for switching reliability. Within an appropriate parameter range, the process remains stable and reproducible; outside this range, the control loses precision and the transition may become incomplete or fail. The results therefore define an effective operating window for magnetoelastic switching and identify the physical conditions required for its reliable implementation.
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subject: Natural and Exact Sciences
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creator: Ismael Elías Erazo Velasco
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 ISMAEL ELIAS ERAZO VELASCO (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-11
publication date: 2026-06-11
doi: 10.62059/0xxpr221

Mental health in the 1990 peruvian dictatorship. The impact of sensationalism on citizens by the «chicha» newspapers during the Fujimori government
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description: This article analyzes the mental health of citizens in Peru in the 1990s, based on the use of «chicha newspapers» as a measure by the Fujimori government dictatorship to divert attention from matters of public interest. To this end, it focuses on mental health in the context of COVID-19 to highlight, comparatively, its impact on people by producing situations of anxiety, anxiety, pain, and uncertainty in the face of freedom and mental well-being. It then argues that mental health, although currently the object of priority attention by the Peruvian State, has gone through various historical episodes that have put it in jeopardy, highlighting, for the purposes of this research, the Fujimori dictatorship period. He reaches the point where he identifies that the generation of this state of affairs was made possible by the disastrous García Pérez government, which had already seriously affected mental health with the economic crisis and the subversion that swept through the country, paving the way for the rise of Fujimori and his political actions with the «chicha newspapers», which were a psychological tool to reduce any critical stance toward his government through «psychosocial» media. Using sociological and historical techniques, he concludes that the «chicha newspapers», with their sensationalist content, undermined the countryʼs mental health by plunging it into fear and a lack of trust among people, reducing the capacity for citizen indignation against those in power.
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subject: Health and Medical Sciences
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subject: Social Sciences & Economics
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creator: Luis Alberto Huamán Ordóñez
creator: Danny Mezones Abad
creator: Jesicca Pilar Hermoza Calero
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Luis Alberto Huamán Ordóñez, Danny Mezones Abad, Jessica Pilar Hermoza Calero (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
doi: 10.62059/mengqh32

Quality in health services: the case of Mexican universities
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description: This study investigates the quality of health services provided by universities, focusing on two institutions with comprehensive educational programs: the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN) and the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (ITESM). Concepts such as quality, health services, and quality models are presented. The objective is to propose the applicability of quality models to universities that implement comprehensive education. The SERVQUAL model focuses on user perception, allowing for the measurement of satisfaction with the service received. The GAPS model identifies structural weaknesses that hinder service quality. These models allow for the analysis of discrepancies between user expectations and the actual perception of the service, providing insight into the experience of the educational community and paving the way for continuous improvement, ultimately achieving the goal of physical and mental well-being for students.
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subject: Health and Medical Sciences
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subject: Arts & Humanities
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creator: Cintia Gabriela Cardona Garcia
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Cintia Gabriela Cardona Garcia (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-18
publication date: 2026-06-18
doi: 10.62059/nc2cf127

The origin of the Fine Structure Constant 137
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description: This document lays the foundation for a new physical architecture that resolves the deepest mystery of contemporary science: the origin and significance of the Fine Structure Constant (1/137). What the reader will find in this article is the culmination of a century of research, achieved through a break with established dogmas and an unprecedented unification of thermodynamics, relativity, and quantum mechanics.
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subject: Engineering and Technology
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creator: Alex Arnoldo Pavon Lopez
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Alex A Pavon L. (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-22
publication date: 2026-05-22
doi: 10.62059/5cccw293

Scientific metaphors in Social Sciences: An essay on conceptual migration
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description: The essay under consideration addresses the discussion of conceptual migrations and scientific metaphors in the production of social knowledge.In order to do so, it presents certain elements of the production of social scientific knowledge itself, in its intertwining with the scientific revolution and the positive philosophy that explains it. It then goes on to present the contributions of metaphors in overcoming positive philosophy in two complementary ways. Firstly, a concise examination of structuralist constructivism as outlined in the text “El Oficio del Sociólogo” is undertaken. Secondly, a contemplation on the significance of metaphors in accordance with intricate cognitive processes and their elucidation of social phenomena is provided. The objective of this reflection is to contribute to the ongoing discourse on the reinterpretation of critical thinking’s contributions to transformative pedagogy, as founded on the theory of complexity.
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subject: Social Sciences & Economics
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creator: Ernesto Mirt Alvarado
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ernesto Mirt Alvarado (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-26
publication date: 2026-05-26
doi: 10.62059/5ygnzt10

Quantum tunneling in synaptic enzymes as a source of genuine neural variability
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description: We propose that thermally assisted proton tunneling in presynaptic enzymes contributes measurably to synaptic variability, producing a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) distinguishable from classical thermal noise. H→D isotope substitution in neuronal cultures should reduce the interspike interval coefficient of variation (ISI CV) by a KIE_network factor in the range of 1.5–3.5×, with a modal estimate of ~2.5×, under conditions where pure thermal noise predicts KIE ≈ 1. The prediction rests on: (1) documented proton tunneling in enzymes with KIE up to 100×; (2) a PCET-mediated vesicular fusion model; and (3) experimental evidence that heavy water modulates hippocampal synaptic transmission. The hypothesis does not require macroscopic quantum coherence or novel physics. The falsification threshold is explicit: KIE_red < 1.5× under controlled conditions with sufficient statistical power would refute the hypothesis in its current formulation.
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subject: Natural and Exact Sciences
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creator: Julian Collados
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Julián Collados (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-26
publication date: 2026-05-26
doi: 10.62059/984rem73

Contemporary evidence-based techniques for the conservative treatment of medial tibial periostitis: an integrative review of the state of the art
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description: Medial tibial periostitis is one of the most prevalent overuse injuries in runners and athletes exposed to repetitive impact loads. This paper presents an integrative review of the state of the art regarding contemporary physiotherapy techniques for the conservative treatment of this clinical condition. Strategies based on load management, progressive strengthening, biomechanical rehabilitation, neuromuscular training, manual therapy, extracorporeal shockwave therapy, and functional monitoring technologies were analyzed. Recent evidence suggests that individualized multimodal programs show better clinical outcomes than purely passive interventions.
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subject: Health and Medical Sciences
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creator: Herr Mariete Trapezoide
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mariete Trapezoide (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.704

Between protocol and judgment: physiotherapy education as a field of epistemic dispute
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description: Background: Physiotherapy education in Chile takes place within disciplinary inequalities, institutional heterogeneity, and territorial gaps that affect the teaching of professional reasoning, a key competence for clinical autonomy. Biomedical dominance, protocol-driven cultures, and fragmented curricula have made reasoning an implicit rather than explicit learning objective, producing unequal training trajectories. Objective: To understand the barriers, challenges, and opportunities in learning professional reasoning in physiotherapy, considering inequalities in training quality, territorial context, and institutional type, through the voices of academic leaders. Methods: A qualitative interpretive study based on Grounded Theory. In-depth interviews were conducted with four leaders from three types of institutions in southern Chile: a regionally oriented private university (UPVR1), a public traditional university (UTE2), and a publicly oriented private university (UPVP3). Data were analyzed using constant comparison and open, axial, and selective coding until theoretical saturation. Results: The central phenomenon was professional reasoning as a “declared core but pedagogically fragile” element of training. Main barriers included biomedical dominance, protocol culture, the academia–clinical gap, and unequal student trajectories. Strengths were linked to role-modeling teachers, student diversity, and situated learning experiences. Discussion and conclusions: Inequities in learning professional reasoning reflect an unequal distribution of epistemic agency. Achieving equity requires explicitly embedding professional reasoning in curricula, strengthening teaching practices, and recognizing physiotherapy’s disciplinary object as the basis for autonomous and socially responsive practice.
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subject: Arts & Humanities
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creator: MAXIMO ESCOBAR
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Máximo Escobar Cabello (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.702

Frequency of pathologies related to kinesiology and physiotherapy suffered by older adults, year 2022.
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description: This study aims to identify the frequency of pathologies found in the physiotherapy records of elderly patients who attended the physiotherapy service provided by the Años Dorados Foundation in the city of Ñemby. The results obtained will allow for future research and projects focused on the well-being of older adults. A quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, non-experimental study was conducted. Seventy-eight physiotherapy records of elderly adults were examined. The results show that the most common pathologies in this sample were neuropathies and radiculopathies.
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subject: Health and Medical Sciences
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creator: Pedro Rejala
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Pedro Rejala (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-20
publication date: 2026-04-20
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.698

Ethnobotany in Santiago Nejapilla, Oaxaca: biocultural knowledge at risk
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description: Oaxaca is one of the most biodiverse states in Mexico and is home to 16 ethnic groups, demonstrating the richness of its biocultural heritage. Understanding the uses of plants is essential to ensuring food security, health, and ecological balance. Therefore, this study sought to document the plant species that the community of Santiago Nejapilla has historically used and conserved. Five field trips were conducted during different seasons (April 2022 to March 2024). Botanical collections were made, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with community members. The results were analyzed by calculating use value indices and performing cluster analysis. A total of 109 useful plant species were recorded, 35 of which are endemic to Mexico (32.11%). The most relevant families were Asteraceae, Bromeliaceae, and Fagaceae. The main reported uses were forage, food, medicinal, and ornamental. The genera with the greatest cultural significance were Tillandsia and Quercus. The most frequently treated ailments are related to the digestive system; however, those associated with cultural practices, such as cleansing rituals and curses, remain part of the community's daily life. Given the significant number of endemic and endangered species, the management and conservation of biodiversity in the region is a priority. Cluster analysis revealed that the population shares collective knowledge about the use of plants; however, the transmission of this knowledge is at risk due to ecological and social factors: ongoing migration, loss of the native language, and limited promotion of traditional knowledge.
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subject: Environmental and Earth Sciences
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creator: Ana María Soriano Martínez
creator: Héctor Serrano Casas
creator: Araceli Celia Tejero Gervacio
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ana María Soriano Martínez, M. en C. Héctor Serrano Casas, Bióloga Araceli Celia Tejero Gervacio (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-04-20
publication date: 2026-04-20
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.696

FDTD analysis of TA waves
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description: This study presents the numerical simulation of thermoacoustic (TA) wave propagation in time domain using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method, along with a comparative analysis against the k-Space pseudospectral method (k-Wave). A physically realistic thermoacoustic source is modeled using a Gaussian initial pressure distribution, and the resulting pressure signals are recorded using a point sensor. The numerical results obtained from both methods show excellent agreement for different grid resolutions when a fixed Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) number is maintained. However, discrepancies arise when different CFL numbers are used for varying grid resolutions, leading to mismatched signal responses. Further investigations are conducted using various realistic source configurations, including circular (disk), Chebyshev polynomial based ($1^{st}$ order), and asymmetric (rock-like) shapes. The corresponding time domain signals and frequency spectra are analyzed using both FDTD and k-space methods. It is observed that the two methods exhibit strong agreement in the low frequency regime, while noticeable deviations occur at higher frequencies. Further the study highlights the limitations associated with binary image based sources. Sharpe discontinuities at the edges introduces non-physical high frequency components, resulting in spurious oscillations and degraded signal quality. A multi sensor configuration is utilized to analyze the signals at different locations.
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subject: Natural and Exact Sciences
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creator: Ujjal Mandal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ujjal Mandal (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.689

Physical fitness, body composition and quality of life in first-year medical sciences students
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description: Physical fitness and body composition are key determinants of health and quality of life, and in medical students they also influence their future role as promoters of healthy habits. In Cuba, their actual status at the beginning of university education is unknown. This cross-sectional descriptive study characterized the level of basic physical abilities and the anthropometric profile of first-year students entering Medical Sciences programs, analyzing their distribution, correlations, and territorial differences. A total of 8116 first-year students (58.9 % male) from four provinces participated. Standardized physical tests (800 m, 60 m, push-ups, sit-ups) were applied, and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were measured. Only 9.2 % achieved the Talent category, with arm strength being the most deficient ability (11.5 % in level V). Mean BMI was 25.8 kg/m² (SD=3.5), and 14.5 % presented abdominal obesity. Correlations between BMI/WC and physical performance were moderate (r between 0.29 and 0.51; p<0.001). A total of 24.1 % showed high metabolic risk. According to functional health criteria, 36.7 % had insufficient arm strength and 32.2 % had insufficient abdominal strength. Cluster analysis identified three profiles: healthy (38.2 %), moderate risk (41.5 %), and high risk (20.3 %), with significant interprovincial differences (p<0.001). It is concluded that a low-to-medium physical condition predominates, one in three students is overweight, one in four has high metabolic risk, and significant territorial gaps exist, highlighting the need for early curricular interventions.
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subject: Health and Medical Sciences
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subject: Arts & Humanities
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creator: elmys Ramírez González
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Elmys Ramírez González (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.686

Emergent gravitational effects from the transformation between inertial and non-inertial frames in the observation of a photon
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description: It is investigated a theoretical framework in which gravitational phenomena arise from the transformation between an inertial reference frame and a non-inertial frame used to observe photon dynamics. Starting from a photon action modified by one kinematic factor associated with the velocity and acceleration of the observer, I derive an effective spacetime metric and the corresponding geodesic equations. The curvature tensor and Einstein tensor of the ressulting geometry are calculated explicitly. The weak-field limit is analyzed and compared with Newtonian gravity and General Relativity. Predictions for galaxy rotation curves, cosmological expansion, gravitational lensing, photon spheres around compact objects, and solar-system test are discussed. Possible observational consequences are examined.
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subject: Natural and Exact Sciences
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creator: Vicente Cotrino Bautista
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Vicente Cotrino Bautista (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.683

Emergent gravitational dynamics from a photon action with an effective refractive index
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description: I investigate a gravitational framework derived from a variational principle applied to the action of a photon observed from a non-inertial reference frame. We define an effective refractive index associated with the gravitational field. The resulting photon trajectories correspond to geodesic of an effective optical metric. In the weak-field limit the theory predicts a modified gravitational potential that can explain the flat galactic rotation curves without dark matter. At cosmological scales the model generates an effective gravitational energy density that lead to acelerated cosmic expansion without introducing a cosmological constant. Possible observational consequences are discussed
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subject: Natural and Exact Sciences
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creator: Vicente Cotrino Bautista
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Vicente Cotrino Bautista (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-18
publication date: 2026-03-18
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.682

Clinical factors associated with diagnosis or suspicion of ASD in children from southern Chile
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description: Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with increasing prevalence and clinical heterogeneity. Identifying risk factors associated with confirmed or suspected ASD diagnosis is crucial for early detection and intervention, particularly in local clinical settings with limited resources. Objective: This study aimed to determine the sociodemographic, perinatal, and clinical factors that influence the probability of presenting a suspected or confirmed ASD diagnosis in a pediatric clinical sample attended between 2019 and 2024 at a university clinic in the Araucanía Region, Chile. Materials and methods: A total of 271 clinical records were analyzed using descriptive statistics, comparative analyses, and binary logistic regression. Results. Showed that the only statistically significant predictor was the presence of neurodevelopmental disorders (OR = 3.58; p = 0.006). Variables such as sex, parental age, and perinatal conditions showed no significant associations. Conclusion. These findings underscore the clinical value of neurodevelopmental disorders as early warning indicators for ASD and support their inclusion in diagnostic alert protocol s. It is concluded that comorbidities offer higher predictive value than perinatal factors in clinical phonoaudiological and neurodevelopmental settings. The implementation of early screening protocols based on clinical profiles is recommended to improve diagnostic timing and access to interventions.
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subject: Health and Medical Sciences
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creator: Veronica Pantoja
creator: Leonardo Lagos Gutiérrez
creator: Veronica Pantoja Silva
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sanhueza Salazar Diego, Leonardo Lagos Gutiérrez, Pantoja Silva Verónica (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.680

The given, language, and knowledge. A critical reading of Wilfrid Sellars
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description: This essay examines Wilfrid Sellars’s critique of the “myth of the given” in empiricism, arguing that all knowledge—including perceptual knowledge—is mediated by a conceptual‑linguistic network. Drawing on Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind (1971), the paper shows that Sellars’s distinction between “seeing that something is the case” and merely “seeing something” entails that experience is never pure but always situated within a “space of reasons.” This article explores parallels between this view and the Sapir‑Whorf hypothesis, as well as Kuhn’s notion of paradigm, highlighting how theoretical frameworks shape both scientific observation and everyday perception. Ontological and methodological implications of denying “pure” data are discussed, pointing out tensions concerning non‑discursive forms of knowledge (animals, infants, practical know‑how). Finally, a broadened reading is proposed that acknowledges the normative and social dimension of knowledge while still recognizing situated, embodied, and affective ways of knowing.
subject: Open
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subject: Social Sciences & Economics
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subject: Arts & Humanities
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creator: Alfredo Montero Fonseca
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Alfredo Montero Fonseca (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-12
publication date: 2026-03-12
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.673

Manual for the preparation of the graduation portfolio
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description: Due to the need to guide students and faculty in the Bachelor of Primary Education and Bachelor of Preschool Education programs at the University of Las Tunas in the design, selection, development, improvement, and presentation of portfolios as a means of culminating their studies, a review and analysis of research related to portfolios as an assessment tool was conducted, along with professional discussions and a methodological and scientific study at the departmental and program levels. This effort aimed to address this need, leading to the development of a manual with methodological and practical guidelines, which is included in this article. This manual establishes the rationale for using the portfolio as a culminating document, identifies the necessary elements for its application, and presents, in a didactic and detailed manner, the phases established for its implementation. These phases take into account the general objectives of the professional model, the work that will be presented as evidence of the degree of fulfillment of these objectives, and the professional problems that the portfolio aims to address.
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subject: Social Sciences & Economics
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creator: Pedro Pablo Nápoles Cruz
creator: Ada Iris Nápoles Cruz
creator: Mireisys Perdomo Thompson
creator: Yeranis Díaz Acosta
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 MSc. Pedro Pablo Nápoles Cruz , DrC. Ada Iris Nápoles Cruz , MSc. Mireisys Perdomo Thompson , Lic. Yeranis Díaz Acosta (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-02
publication date: 2026-03-02
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.667

Quantification of greenhouse gas emissions from the 2024 wildfire in Cocó State Park using remote sensing
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description: Urban mangroves constitute strategic Blue Carbon ecosystems, playing a relevant role in climate change mitigation. However, when disturbed by wildfires, these environments can rapidly shift from carbon sinks to sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study aimed to estimate GHG emissions associated with the 2024 fire event in Cocó State Park (PEC), Fortaleza, Brazil. The methodology integrated high-resolution remote sensing data (PlanetScope, 3 m) to delineate the burned area and stratify fire severity, combined with the equations proposed by the IPCC guidelines. Emissions of CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, CO, and NOx were calculated based on burned area, biomass load, combustion factors, and emission factors specific to mangrove forests and other vegetation types. The results indicate that the fire resulted in a total release of 507.5 t of CO₂, with the “Other Vegetation” class accounting for approximately 60% of total emissions due to the high combustion efficiency of dry biomass. In contrast, mangrove areas exhibited a higher relative contribution of methane (CH₄), associated with incomplete combustion processes. Moderate fire severity accounted for approximately 87% of total emissions, highlighting that the spatial extent of burned areas was the primary driver of climatic impact. It is concluded that the integration of high-resolution remote sensing and ecosystem-specific biophysical parameters is essential for accurate GHG inventories in urban coastal ecosystems, providing robust technical support for preventive fire management and the protection of Blue Carbon stocks.
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subject: Environmental and Earth Sciences
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creator: Mauricio Alejandro Perea Ardila
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mauricio Alejandro Perea Ardila (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-09
publication date: 2026-02-09
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.658

Where, who, and how International Book Day (2024) Was Celebrated in the Department of Nariño, Colombia
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description: This document emerges as a contribution to the diagnostic phase of the development of the Departmental Plan for Orality, Reading, Writing, and Spaces (OLEE Plan) of the department of Nariño (Colombia). It aims to disseminate and analyze, from the perspective of cultural management and territorial realities, the results of the mapping of initiatives related to the promotion of orality, reading, and writing, carried out on April 23, 2024, during the celebration of International Book Day, in 37 of the 64 municipalities of Nariño. The nature of the actors involved in the initiatives developed, the roles played by women within these initiatives, the contribution of public libraries, articulation actions, coverage in rural contexts, and sources of funding are among the themes through which this document proposes reflections, analyses, and recommendations. These seek to contribute to the construction of the OLEE Plan and to future research on cultural policies, library and information science, and cultural governance in regions with characteristics similar to those of the department of Nariño.
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subject: Social Sciences & Economics
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creator: Vladimir Hernández Botina
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Vladimir Hernández Botina (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-06
publication date: 2026-02-06
doi: 10.62059/LatArXiv.preprints.655